GradeKiln

Where Every Scale Comes From

One rule built this list: if we cannot say how a scale was derived, it does not ship. Here is the answer for all 80 of them, split by what kind of answer it is.

Tier one, from the body that sets the scale. 64 scales taken straight from a government instrument, a national authority, or the institution's own rules, each with the document named and linked.

Tier two, second hand. 6 scales where the document we can show you reports the scale rather than setting it. The page says so, and says what is missing.

Tier three, no authority publishes it. 10 scales where no issuing body exists to check against. Each names its variants, how many there are, and how to tell which one applies to you.

Checked against a named document

64 of these come from the body that sets the scale and 6 come from a document that reports it, which each of those pages states in its own words. Checked is when we last worked the row against its source. Due is when we check it again. This list is maintained, not finished.

ScaleSource, and what kindCheckedDue
Anna University 10-point GPAAnna University Chennai, Undergraduate Programme Academic Regulations 2021the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Argentina - notas 1-10Universidad de Buenos Aires, Codigo UBAthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Australia - WAM (weighted average mark /100)University of Sydney, Guide to gradesthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Austria - Noten 1-5 (1 is best)Leistungsbeurteilungsverordnung (LBVO)government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Bangladesh - UGC 4.0 scaleUniversity Grants Commission of Bangladeshnational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
BC - provincial letter grades /100Province of British Columbiagovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Bolivia - escala 1-100Two instruments, both read. UNIVERSITY: CEUB Reglamento del Regimen Estudiantilgovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Brazil - notas 0-10 (média / CR)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Cambodia - university 4.0 scaleUniversity of Cambodia, Academic Catalogthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Canada 4.33 scale (letter grades)Simon Fraser University Calendarthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
CityU - 4.3 scale (CGPA)City University of Hong Kongthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Colombia - escala 0-5Universidad de Chile, Unidad de Admision y Matriculaa third party reading it2026-10-032027-04-03
Cornell 4.3 scale (A+ = 4.3)Cornell University, Exams and Grading (Courses of Study)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
CUHK - 4.0 scale (no A+)CUHK Registration and Examinations Sectionthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Czechia - známky 1-5, vážený průměrMinistry of Education, Youth and Sportsgovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Denmark - 7-trin-skalaen (12 to −3)Bekendtgørelse om karakterskala ved uddannelser på Uddannelses- og Forskningsminister…government instrument2026-10-042027-10-03
Egypt - percentage with taqdeer bandsTwo systems, both read. TRADITIONAL PERCENTAGE: Cairo University faculty regulationsthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Estonia - uniform A-F / 5-0 scaleHaridus- ja teadusministri maarus nr 36government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Ethiopia - harmonized 4.0 scale (A- = 3.75)Addis Ababa University, Senate Legislation (November 2023)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Finland - arvosanat 4-10 (keskiarvo)Perusopetusasetus 852/1998, 10 para (oppilaan arviointi)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
France - notes sur 20, moyenne pondéréeMinistere de l'Education nationalegovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
German university scale 1.0-5.0 (1.0 is best)Kultusministerkonferenz, Vereinbarung uber die Festsetzung der Gesamtnote bei ausland…government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Ghana - 4.0 scale (FGPA)University of Ghana, Regulations for Junior Membersthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Greece - βαθμός πτυχίου /10, ECTS-weightedGreek decree 70024/12-7-1968government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Guatemala - punteo 0-100Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemalathe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
HKU - 4.3 scaleUniversity of Hong Kong, Calculation of Grade Point (CAT Policy Annex I)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
HKUST - 4.3 scale (CGA)HKUST Registry, Approved Course Grades (Undergraduate)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Hong Kong - 4.3 scaleUniversity of Hong Kong, Academic Advising and Scholarships Officethe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Hungary - 1 to 5 scale (jeles to elégtelen)Hungarian higher education: the five-grade scale and the credit-weighted sulyozott ta…the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
India 10-point CGPA (UGC/CBCS)University Grants Commissionnational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
Indonesia - IPK 4.0Permendiktisaintek No. 39 Tahun 2025 tentang Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Tinggigovernment instrument2026-10-042027-10-04
Iran - nomreh /20, unit-weighted (معدل)Nuffic (the Netherlands ENIC-NARIC body)a third party reading it2026-10-032027-01-03
Japan - S/A/B/C scale (4.0 GPA)Kyushu Kyoritsu University, GPA seido (GPA system) noticethe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Kazakhstan - letter grades to GPA 4.0 (A = 95-100)Order of the Minister of Education and Science of Kazakhstan No. 595 of 30.10.2018government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Kenya - weighted average % (honours classes)University of Nairobi, Examinations Guide IIthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Latvia - 10-point scale (izcili to ļoti, ļoti vāji)Latvia, Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr. 747 (state basic education standard) and Nr…government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Lithuania - 10-point scale (puikiai to nepatenkinamai)Vilniaus kolegija (VIKO), Pasiekimu vertinimo sistemathe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Malaysia - 4.0 CGPAUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Office of the Registrarthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Mexico - calificaciones 5-10SEP, Acuerdo numero 17 (DOF 28 August 1978)government instrument2026-10-042027-04-04
MIT 5.0 scaleMIT Registrar, Calculating GPAthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Nepal - NEB letter grades (4.0 GPA)NEB's site IS reachable at https://neb.gov.np without the wwwa third party reading it2026-10-032027-04-03
Netherlands - cijfers 1-10Uitvoeringsbesluit WVO 2020 (Dutch secondary education decree)government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Nigeria 5-point CGPA (NUC)National Universities Commissionnational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
Norway - A-F letter scaleUniversitets- og hogskoleradet (Universities Norway)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Pakistan 4.0 scale (HEC pattern)Higher Education Commission Pakistannational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
Paraguay - escala 1-5 (5 best)Universidad de Chile, Unidad de Admision y Matriculaa third party reading it2026-10-032027-04-03
Peru - escala vigesimal 0-20Universidad Privada Antenor Orregothe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Philippines 1.00-5.00 scale (1.00 is highest)University of the Philippines: the grading scale and the honours averagesthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Poland - 2 to 5 scale with halves (bardzo dobry to niedostateczny)AGH University of Krakow, Regulamin studiow wyzszychthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Romania - note 1-10, medie ponderatăUniversitatea Babes-Bolyai, Regulament privind activitatea profesionala a studentilor…the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Saudi Arabia - 5.0 scale (A = 4.75, F = 1.0)Saudi Council of Higher Educationnational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
Singapore - 5.0 scale (NUS/NTU GPA)National University of Singaporethe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
SLIIT grading scaleSLIIT, Grading at SLIIT (official knowledge base articlethe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
South Africa - module marks /100University of Pretoria, General Academic Regulations and Student Rulesthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Spain - notas 0-10, media ponderadaReal Decreto 1125/2003, de 5 de septiembregovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
Sri Lanka UGC standard scaleUniversity Grants Commission Sri Lankanational authority2026-10-032027-10-03
Sweden - gymnasium A-F (jämförelsetal)Universitets- och hogskoleradetthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Switzerland - Noten 1-6 (6 is best)Universidad de Chile, Unidad de Admision y Matriculaa third party reading it2026-10-032027-04-03
Taiwan - marks /100 (NTU letter bands)National Taiwan University, Office of Academic Affairsthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Thailand - 8-step grades (GPAX, 4.0)Ministry of Education Thailandgovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
UBC - percentage marks /100University of British Columbiathe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Uganda - 5.0 CGPA (Makerere pattern)Makerere University, official grading page (examination marks grading scale and final…the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
UK honours - credit-weighted average mark (%)Universities UK / UK Standing Committee for Quality Assessmentthe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
UK masters - credit-weighted average mark (%)University of Manchester, Regulations for Postgraduate Taught Degrees (classification…the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
UK UMS - uniform marks as a percentage of the unit maximumAQA, Uniform marks in A-level and GCSE exams (guide to the uniform mark scale)national authority2026-10-032027-10-03
University of Colombo - UGC 4.0 scaleUniversity of Colombo, By-Laws for the Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours)…government instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
University of Moratuwa scaleUniversity of Moratuwa, BSc Eng Performance Criteria for intake 2020 onwards (current)the institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03
Venezuela - escala 0-20Universidad de Chile, Unidad de Admision y Matriculaa third party reading it2026-10-032027-04-03
Vietnam - thang điểm 10Thong tu 08/2021/TT-BGDDT (Ministry of Education and Traininggovernment instrument2026-10-032027-10-03
VTU 10-point CGPA (CBCS)Visvesvaraya Technological Universitythe institution's own rules2026-10-032027-04-03

Tier two: convention, and how to derive each variant

10 scales. Where a line below has nothing behind it, it says so.

Australia 7-point scale

Australia has no national grading authority. Each university sets its own scale, and the two in use are not variants of one another - they are different scales that produce different numbers from the same work.

How many: Two scales, plus a third that applies only offshore.

How to tell which you are on: Read your own university's grading schema. If it names High Distinction, Distinction, Credit and Pass, you are on one of these two. The giveaway is what a fail is worth: zero on the seven-point scale, 0.3 at Monash.

  • The seven-point scale, the common one. HD 7, D 6, C 5, P 4, F 0, weighted by credit points. Sydney, UNSW, Queensland and most others.
  • Monash's four-point scale. HD 4.0, D 3.0, C 2.0, P 1.0, and a fail worth 0.3 rather than zero. A withdrawn fail is the only grade worth nothing. Calculated to three decimal places.
  • Monash Malaysia's CGPA. The same letters, different numbers again: HD 4.00, D 3.67, C 2.85, P 2.15, fail 1.15. Section 3.2 of Monash's Grading Schema Procedure uses this in place of the GPA in Malaysia, so two transcripts showing identical grades do not produce the same figure.

The letter boundaries move as well: Monash puts a High Distinction at 80, where others set it at 85. The same mark is a different letter depending where you sat it.

Chile - escala 1.0-7.0

Chile has no national grading instrument for higher education. The 1,0 to 7,0 scale with 4,0 the pass is universal practice rather than a published rule, and the University of Chile's own admissions document states it as such.

How many: One scale everyone uses, and two labels on it that are convention rather than rule.

How to tell which you are on: Average the marks. The pass at 4,0 is the part you can rely on anywhere in the country.

  • The scale. 1,0 to 7,0, with 4,0 the pass. Stated by the University of Chile's admissions instructivo, which is the flagship national university writing down what the country does.
  • Distincion and Distincion maxima. The 5,5 and 6,5 labels this page shows are institutional convention. They are not in that document and not in any national rule.

The 5,5 and 6,5 labels are the part of this entry with nothing behind it.

China - weighted average score /100 (加权平均分)

China has no national grading instrument for higher education. The weighted average score out of 100 is institutional practice, set by each university, and the 60 pass line is the one thing that holds everywhere.

How many: One pass line you can rely on, and a weighting method that is set per institution.

How to tell which you are on: The figure this page computes is the jiaquan pingjunfen, the credit-weighted average of percentage marks. Your own university's rules decide how the weights are formed, so check its academic regulations for the method rather than the pass line.

  • The pass. 60 out of 100, universal. The University of Chile's admissions instructivo records China as minimum 0, pass 60, maximum 100.
  • The weighting. Institutional, and we have not yet read a Chinese university's own regulation stating a method. That is an open item on this scale, not a settled one.

The pass line is the part this page stands behind. The weighting method is not, and the row says so.

Italy - voti in trentesimi (18-30 e lode)

No national instrument sets the 18-30 exam scale. It is established practice, written into each university's regolamento didattico.

How many: One scale, one convention we had to invent, and one structural feature that changes what an Italian average means.

How to tell which you are on: Average the exam marks weighted by CFU credits. Everything on the transcript is a pass by definition.

  • The scale. 30 is the maximum and 18 the lowest pass, stated plainly by Politecnico di Torino among others.
  • 30 e lode. Has no official numeric value anywhere. Treating it as 31 is this site's convention, not a rule, and the calculator says so.

Failed marks below 18 are never recorded. An Italian average is built from passes only and cannot be dragged down by a failure the way a GPA can. That is a structural difference from every 4.0 system on this site.

Russia - 5-point scale (отлично to неудовлетворительно)

Russia has no national grading scale for higher education. Order 301 of 5 April 2017 delegates assessment to each institution's own local acts.

How many: One set of words, two kinds of course, and the distinction between them is what matters.

How to tell which you are on: Average only the graded courses. Zachyot courses carry no grade and stay out of the divisor entirely.

  • Graded assessment. An ekzamen or a differentsirovanny zachyot yields otlichno, khorosho, udovletvoritelno or neudovletvoritelno.
  • Pass-fail credit. A zachyot yields only zachteno or ne zachteno, and has no numeric value.

Read from Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University's own regulation, s 7.1.13. A Russian transcript mixes both kinds of course freely, which is the trap: counting a zachteno as a grade inflates the average.

South Korea - 4.5 scale

South Korea has no national grading instrument for universities. Each institution sets its own scale, and the maximum itself differs.

How many: Two maxima in common use, and the number of grades differs with them.

How to tell which you are on: Count the rows on your transcript key. A 4.5 scale usually has nine grades and no minus row; a 4.3 scale has thirteen and does.

  • The 4.5 maximum. What this page computes, and what many universities use.
  • The 4.3 maximum, thirteen grades. Seoul National University, read directly: A+ 4.3, A0 4.0, A- 3.7, B+ 3.3, B0 3.0, B- 2.7, C+ 2.3, C0 2.0, C- 1.7, D+ 1.3, D0 1.0, D- 0.7, F 0. A B+ is 3.3 there and 3.5 here, and the minus grades do not exist on the 4.5 table at all.

SNU also cuts off the third decimal of the average rather than rounding it, and sets a bachelor's pass at 2.0, a graduate pass at 3.0 and academic distinction at 3.4.

Turkey - AA/BA letter system (4.0)

Turkey has no national letter scale. Each university's own yonetmelik fixes its table, and the familiar AA/BA ladder is the old national standard rather than a current rule.

How many: The common ladder, and at least one major university using a different alphabet entirely.

How to tell which you are on: Open your university's yonetmelik and find the harf notlari article. If the top grade is AA you are on the common ladder. If it is A or A+, you are not.

  • The common ladder. AA, BA, BB, CB, CC, DC, DD, FF. Still used by many universities, and the pattern this page computes.
  • Ankara University. A+ above 100 for outstanding work, A 90-100 = 4,00, B1 85-89 = 4,00, B2 80-84 = 3,50, B3 75-79 = 3,25, C1 70-74 = 3,00, C2 65-69 = 2,75, C3 60-64 = 2,50, F1 50-59 = 2,00, F2 49 and below = 1,50, F3 and F4 = 0,00.

The Ankara table carries a trap no ladder has: F1 is a failing grade worth 2,00 grade points, and the regulation states that F1, F2, F3 and F4 all enter the average at their coefficients. A failure there is not a zero.

Ukraine - 100-point scale with ECTS letters (pass at 60)

No current national table exists for Ukrainian higher education. Each institution fixes its own under the 2014 higher education law.

How many: One widespread pattern, with boundaries that move by a few points per institution.

How to tell which you are on: The 100-point mark is the real grade; the ECTS letter is a label placed on top of it. Find your own university's table for the letter boundaries.

  • The widespread form. A from 90, B from 82, C from 74, D from 64, E from 60, with 60 the pass. This is what the page shows.
  • Institutional variants. Confirmed from two universities' own regulations, whose boundaries sit a few points either side of those figures.

The pass at 60 is the stable part. The letter boundaries are what moves, which is why this page has always labelled them as the most widespread form rather than a national standard.

US college 4.0 scale (plus/minus)

There is no national authority over American university grading. Every registrar publishes its own table, and a transfer credit office reads the transcript rather than a standard.

How many: Three variants that change the arithmetic, on top of the common table.

How to tell which you are on: Find your registrar's grading page and read the grade-point column. If A- is 3.7 you are on tenths; if it is 3.67 you are on thirds; if there is no A- at all you are on a different letter set entirely.

  • Tenths, the common table. A+ and A both 4.0, A- 3.7, B+ 3.3, B 3.0, B- 2.7, and so on down. Michigan and UC Berkeley both publish exactly this.
  • Thirds. A- 3.67, B+ 3.33, C+ 2.33. UT Austin does this. The gap against tenths is small per course and decisive on a borderline cumulative average.
  • A+ worth 4.3. A few award above 4.0, so a GPA over 4.0 is real rather than an error. Cornell has its own calculator here for that reason.
  • No plus-minus ladder. Wisconsin-Madison grades A 4, AB 3.5, B 3, BC 2.5, C 2. AB and BC are letters, not roundings, and a student entering an AB has no row on the common table.

Where the registrar's table disagrees with any calculator, including this one, the registrar is right.

US high school 4.0 scale

Most of the United States has no state-wide rule for weighting. The extra points for Honors, AP and IB are a district decision, written into district policy.

How many: One dominant pattern, with one condition that most calculators miss.

How to tell which you are on: Weighted GPA is the unweighted grade point plus the district's bonus, per credit, then credit-weighted like any average. The bonus is the part that varies.

  • The dominant pattern. Plus 1.0 per credit for AP or IB, plus 0.5 for Honors. Howard County Policy 8020 and Seattle Policy 2420 both say exactly this, and North Carolina applies it state-wide.
  • The condition almost everyone drops. Those policies award the extra point only for a grade of A, B or C. A D in an AP class earns the credit and no weighting at all. A calculator that adds a point to every advanced course regardless of grade reports a GPA that is too high.

Unweighted GPA is the same everywhere. Only the bonus is local, which is why most applications ask for both numbers.

How to check any of this yourself

The method is boring and it works. Find whoever owns the rule - a ministry, an examination board, your own registrar - open their published table, and compare it row by row. Never through a tool that summarises, because summarising is how rows get invented. If one of our tables disagrees with its source, the contact page reaches a person who will fix it and credit you. Where tables published elsewhere differ from the issuer, both versions are set out cell by cell on the corrections page.

Your own institution's current regulations outrank this page and every calculator on this site. Where they differ, they are right and we are wrong.

Keep this page

Reading someone else's grades for a job or an admission? How to read a foreign grade

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Every grading scale on one printable sheet

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